Assessment in School Education: Transforming Practices for 21st Century Learning

Assessment plays a pivotal role in shaping student learning experiences and guiding instructional practices. However, traditional assessment methods have been criticised for their inability to capture the depth and breadth of 21st-century skills. This has prompted a paradigm shift towards modern assessment approaches that align with constructivist learning theories, embrace technological innovations, and foster multidimensional competencies. This article explores emerging trends in assessment, including computer-based testing, adaptive assessments, gamification, competency-based assessment, and self/peer assessment practices. It also examines challenges and considerations related to validity, reliability, equity, accessibility, and teacher training. The integration of assessment into the learning process through feedback mechanisms, data-driven decision-making, and the promotion of self-regulation is discussed. Future directions highlight the potential of personalised and adaptive assessment systems, the importance of fostering assessment literacy among stakeholders, and the need for continuous research and evaluation. The article underscores the transformative nature of assessment practices, emphasising their alignment with constructivist principles, student-centered education, and the development of 21st-century skills. It calls for a holistic and integrated approach to assessment that recognises its interconnectedness with curriculum design, instructional strategies, and learning environments.